Types of Periodontal (Gum) Disease

There are many forms of periodontal disease. The most common forms include:

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease. It results in gums that are red, swollen, and that bleed easily. There is usually little or no discomfort at this stage. Gingivitis can usually be reversed with professional treatment and good care at home.

Aggressive Periodontitis

A form of periodontitis that occurs in patients who are otherwise clinically healthy. Common features include rapid attachment loss, bone destruction, and familial aggregation.

Chronic Periodontitis

This form of periodontal disease results in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment and bone loss, and is characterized by pocket formation and/or recession of the gingiva. It is recognized as the most frequently occurring form of periodontitis and is most prevalent in adults, but can occur at any age. Progression of attachment loss usually occurs slowly, but periods of rapid progression can occur.

Periodontitis as a Manifestation of Systemic Diseases

Periodontitis, often with onset at a young age, associated with one of several systemic diseases, such as diabetes.

Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases

An infection characterized by necrosis of gingival tissues, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. These lesions are most commonly observed in individuals with systemic conditions including, but not limited to, HIV infection, malnutrition, and immunosuppression.